Brazil

=Organizing Internatonal Business Activities - Brazil=
 * NOTE: All //italicized text// must be deleted AFTER that section is complete.**

Introduction - Tiffany S. 187
====International Business Activity International Business Activity (IBA) programs provide a refund Of British Columbia income tax paid in respect of income earned in conducting An International Business. An eligible corporation must register itself, and any Specialist item play under the international business activity act to quality for this program. In Brazil they got their independence in 1882 and they abolish slavery in 1888. Brazil is a very wealthy country and also has a lot of unemployed people, people in this country only think about themselves and that it no one is about others we have a high class and a low no in between Ether your rich or not so we separate the poor from the rich. Brazil has a total a 25% people in poverty since 2008 and has resin more to this day. Our country is a good country when it comes to importing and trading and also bribing we are very good country to do anything with its also so good no its income tax rate it’s very very intelligent with its money cause the take that very serious in brazil. This is a very well good country to be intelligent with anything in the world only thing we need to work on is the education rate and will be set in this country we are one but we never fight for on but not one for all.====





**References**
"Brazil." //The world factbook//. CIA, 2011. Web. 28 Nov 2011. .

Economic Conditions - Wesley J.
The Brazilian government has frequently intervened in the Brazilian economy and occasionally has made drastic changes in policy and regulations. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and they affect other policies and regulations and have often been involved, among other measures, increases in interest rates, changes in tax policies, price controls, currency devaluations, capital controls and limits on imports. In every nation in the world they have different sets of laws governing its people and its relations with the rest of the law. Brazil’s legal system is classified as a civil law code and its set out in national law of codes. It is different from common law system whose rules ordinarily formulated by the government, the system is basically codified. Their codes contain the basic legislation on the matters and are organized as Civil, Commercial Tax, and Criminal etc. None of the codes supersedes the Federal Constitution, which is the supreme law of Brazil. The Brazilian Court decisions are based on the application of the laws, however, it may decide on the basis of analogy, customs and general legal principles when there is no specific legal provision. There are many different reasons why doing business in Brazil can be difficult. The primary reason is the heavy burden of business regulations and the accompanying bureaucratic hurdles which are spread out among various governmental agencies. The Brazilians can kill a business deal before it even begins. Unlike Americans, Brazilians generally don’t like to jump right into things or to get straight to the point

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Imports, Exports, and Trade Relations - Ceci G.
Brazil imports are minerals, petroluem, chemicals, fertilizer, machinery, vegetables, animal products, cereal, electrical products, electronics, vehicles, metals, photographic apparatus, surgical instruments, and scientific equipment. There exports are processed food, cocoa beans, seeds, juices, fruit products, meat, animal products, vegetables, metals, vehicles, machinery, animal feed, textiles, footwear,and petroluem products. Brazil mostly trades with the United States, rgentina, China, and Germany. It was the 18th largest supplier of goods imports to the the US. One of brazil's major imports in 2006 was the crude oil which was $2.8 billion. Brazil's exports were worth 22.1 billion in 2011. It's main exports were iron ore, soy beans, footwear, coffe,autos, and machinery. Its imports on goods was 191,468 million in 2010. Brazil's reamaininf of 10% is based on livestock which includes production of beef, poultry, pork, milk, and eggs. Brazil is a net exporter of agricultural and products which thakes up 35% of the countries exports.



Currency: Values and Factors - Raul G.
= =  The most common and major currency in Brazil is the Brazilian Real. It is usually represented by an R$, and it can be broken down further into another unit called [|“centavos” or “cents”]. It was introduced in to Brazil 1994 and was used to help Brazil’s inflation problem that it possessed at the time. Even though the real, when first introduced was worth the same as an American dollar, it is now presently about [|R$1.80 to US$1.00]. It had reached its lowest peak in 2002, where R$4 would be equal to US$1, and highest peak between 1996-1998 where R$1 equaled US$1.20. In past time factors that have contributed to the decline of the Real have been things such as corruption, violent crime, illiteracy rates, and poverty. Illiteracy rates usually point to a mass of people that have not been properly educated; things like this do not allow the population to progress and causes delays in economic growth, further decreasing the value of the Real to other such currencies, mainly to the US currency. Countries such as Uruguay don’t have this problem as widespread as Brazil, because of a better education system that allows[| 97% of the Uruguayan to be literate, compared to Brazil’s 90% literacy rate]. Literacy rate is usually directly related to the number of people that are in poverty. No education means people won’t be able to start effective businesses and keeps the poor being poor without much social class movement. These factors do keenly affect Brazil, but they are constantly working on keeping their currency high in value . Link to Consulates

Laws and Regulations - Francisca G.
The legal guide to doing business with Brazil, prepared by the chamber of commerce of Sao Paulo,presents a comprehensive guide to the legal norms ruling foreign investments and corporate activity in the country,and constitutes an important support for foreign business people willing to invest in Brazil.As the new administration seeks to curb inflation expectations,it also faces unrest in its majority coalition in congress and discontent among unions and trade relations.This is primarily due to the unstability of trade relations and its practices with trading networks.Automatic import licences are in place for statistical purposes and to monitor trade flow.Brazil's import licensing regime has been the subject of consulations between Brazil and government members,and is currently under review.The country is an active user of contingency measures,mainly anti-dumping.Trade,particulary exports has come to play an increasingly important role in Brazil and has been key in its rapid recovery from an economic recession.The Brazilian government seeks for ways to promote imports as well as exports; imports to help industrialize and develop the country,and exorts to help their economy as it continues to grow.The Brazilian government is based in a state in which the power of the central government is restricted and in which the component parts like colonies,provinces retain a degree of self government.Brazil thus, has a main list of laws and regulations, Brazilian import licensing requirements can be complicated – the import of most products into the country needs a preliminary license from the Secretariat of Foreign Trade, which is the only organization that is allowed to issue such a document. The list of the products subject to this primary license is not public, however – it is available only to registered and authorized users. Therefore, because of documentary complexities such as these, the imported goods are often blocked or delayed.Brazil aside from having rather comprehensive regulations that controls the importation of goods into the country, has many trading partners as for example,the United States.Nevertheless,many of the used items such as automobies are restricted,as well as items such as;"dangerous goods" as defined by the Intrenational Air Transport Association.In an effort to controll toxic substances,Brazil also uses its authority under the constitution to regulate specific products of concern, for example;batteries cleaning substances,pesticides etc.Among these defined import restrictions are mercury and lead components in batteries which has proven to be of specific interest to the electronic industry as they often incorporate this into certain devices.Brazil and the U.S. are alike in the fact that they go through a lot of negotiation before coming to a trade agreement.It is also important to mention that the United States gets along pretty well with Brazil's trade policies and regulations,and as a result of this both countries have trade stability with each other. U.S. goods and services trade with Brazil totaled $64 billion in 2009(latest data available for goods and trade combined).Exports totaled $25 billion.imports totaled $25 billion.The U.S. goods and services,trade surplus with Brazil was $14 billion in 2009.Brazil was the United States' 8th largest goods export market in 2010,while Brazil was the Unted States' 18th largest supplier of imports in 2010.

**Links:** [|Trade Relations] [|Trade Policies] [|Business with Brazil] [|U.S.& Brazil's ties]

Consumer Products/Services - Jose G.R.
Brazil is a country that consists of a lot of unique resources that make him different from other countries and today the writer is going to learn about the economic conditions of Brazil based on statistics, and research that I made. some of Brazil's unique products are there virgin mines of natural minerals like iron, tin, and copper which are exported to different country’s that use them for military reason like copper is used to make weapons and iron is used to make magnetic compasses. they are also know worldwide because of their high quality marble they have more than 20 different types of marble for example there most famous are the Champel,Acquamarine,Noble White Marble, Blue Storm, and Christanita Blue. Brazil is also well know worldwide because of their unique wood Brazilian wood can be sold for as high as $5 per square ft and there most popular wood products are Jabota, Cabreura, Camara, Muiracatiara, tauari, and ipe what makes other country's demand for this resources is that they can be sold in high price and there also good quality, plus other country's don't have them. Brazilian culture also influences people to buy these products from Brazil. One of the cultural things that influence buyers to visit Brazil is there famous Carnival the carnival is a very famous is an annual festival held forty-six days before Easter this carnival influences Christian, and catholic people worldwide that when staying in Brazil buy buy and discover resources that are unique to or country that there country doesn’t have.

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Promotional Activities - Marcus T.
The Brazilian national health system looks on first impression to be similar. The central Ministry of Health provides funding to local health systems for activities within the same range of age and sex defined programmes: child, adolescent, women, adult and seniors. There are also funds for specific activities such as hypertension and diabetes similarly to Chile. The difference is that the health system's legal structure is horizontal in that the three levels of the system, federal (national), regional (state) and local (município) are all equal; the federal level cannot dictate to the local level what health activities to carry out beyond the basic legal framework. Thus, the available funds of the Ministry act as an incentive for local health systems to adopt certain types of health activities rather than this being a directive. In Brazil, the urban municípios have their own sources of funding and thus the financial incentives of Federal programmes are less influential. In contrast, the rural municípios are almost entirely dependent on federal funds and are much more in tune with what funding possibilities are available from the Ministry. The advantages and disadvantages of the vertical or horizontal structures are mixed. The advantage in Chile is the great awareness now of health promotion as an issue. Similarly, the regional Servicio plays an important role in the Chilean rural areas in ensuring some activities are carried out. The rural local health systems in Chile largely carry out activities that are directives from the national and regional levels. Without these, very little would be done. The advantage of this is seen in rural Brazil where local health systems without hierarchical controls can potentially end up providing extremely weak services for their populations. On the other hand, a vertical structure does not support local initiatives. In a system that is decentralized in order better to respond to local needs, the Chilean system that provides support mostly for promotion activities that correspond to the national and regional identified priorities expressly conflicts with a policy for local responsiveness. The Brazilian system in this respect explicitly works to strengthen local capacity to identify, plan and implement activities that respond to local needs; its success in doing so in part depends on adequate structures of accountability not only upwards but also locally to the município's population. A second disadvantage to the vertical structure is the danger that prevention and promotion programmes (but particularly promotion) are seen as an additional, separate set of activities to be funded through the vertical system rather than viewed as a significant component of a re-orientation in health care provision in general. This separate, vertical programme view of prevention and promotion is evident in attitudes of health staff in Paredones and Pudahuel. Peralillo has a better vision of trying to re-organize existing practice of the local health system to accommodate prevention and promotion while La Pintana has received resource inputs specifically to restructure the provision of health care. Although the Brazilian municípios show less explicit awareness of health promotion and fewer activities currently, the horizontal structure means that what activities are initiated are integrated into a culture of practice within the local health system. A decentralized health system allows for flexibility in the way the local health system is structured. The eight local health system case studies show four different structures. In rural Chile, the local health system largely depends on the regional Servicio. However, in Peralillo, the social worker has found space to initiate some few local activities and health centre staff have re-organized their daily routines to include promotion inputs. Although both La Pintana in urban Chile and the Brazilian municípios are subject and answerable to the local government, this has taken two different forms. The urban Brazilian município of São José dos Campos has created a distance between the health system and local politics by portraying health care provision as a technical issue, allowing some autonomy from local government and continuity in health policy across governments of different political orientations. In contrast, the urban municípios of Diadema, Brazil and La Pintana, Chile, see the activities of their local health systems located within wider government concerns of poverty, violence and other social issues. In this respect the two health systems have a much closer involvement politically with their local governments; however, a close relationship to the local government is not always indicated as an advantage. A close political relationship to the local government exists also in the rural Brazilian municípios. The political upheavals and lack of continuity in Tauá is echoed in the health system with a high turnover of senior management staff, a lack of continuity and little policy direction in contrast with Pedra Branca where the opposite has been the case. Finally, Pudahuel has established an independent municipal development corporation in which all sectors are equal members. This administrative structure provides greater flexibility for sectors to seek independent resources and establish partnerships with other entities, particularly in the private sector. Nonetheless, the health sector in Pudahuel has not been very active in this compared with the environmental sector indicating that the corporation structure alone is not enough for such partnerships to emerge. The corporation structure does facilitate intersectoral actions; the health system in Pudahuel is brought into some of the innovative activities of the environment sector. There is further decentralization within some municípios such that health centres and their catchment territories have some autonomy in their own management. In Pudahuel, Pedra Branca and the two urban Brazilian municípios, territories and health centres have local health committees with members from the population that define their own strategies and actions within the framework of the município goals. The Chilean urban município of La Pintana has a pilot family health centre (El Roble), which has greater than normal autonomy. However, the special character of El Roble as a pilot with inputs of external resources means that the success of this experience is not automatically relevant for all municípios. Indeed, the two urban Brazilian municípios have pulled back from a more extensive decentralization finding this created a system that was too fragmented.

Small Business Success - Sean F.
When buying a small business, you agree to the price (3 to 10x the original price) and you pay the first 25%. Then the owner tells you how to run the place and if you like it then you pay another 25% and the business is yours. Small businesses in Brazil are always opening and closing down. When a person wants to start a business in Brazil they must first get credit from the bank which isn’t easy. There are two ways to start and keep a business the “Best Way” and the “Legal Way.” In order to do the “Best Way” you need a good accountant so that you don’t pay most of your taxes and go bankrupt. Also it will keep you from paying employee benefits which are very expensive (up to 120% is added to the employee salary). Benefits include I.N.S.S. (a social security scheme) and F.G.T.S. (Guarantee Fund for Time of Service). A problem with that is if you get caught hiring someone not registered as an employee then you must pay a fine of 5,000 reals (2,777.77 dollars). Many people take these risks anyway and the number of unregistered workers has been increasing in recent years. When an owner decides to register his/her workers then he/she must pay their employee lots of money. Registered employees get 30 paid days off and 40% extra for a holiday. Also any employee that works over 40 hours gets paid for the time he or she worked over. Also employer must pay 94% of workers transportation cost. If you fire an employee then they will be paid by the F.G.T.S. benefit but if they did something to get fired then the employee receives less. As you can tell running a business is very complicated but in the end it can be worth your while.  

Conclusion - Danny G.
What type of business would be the most successful in your country? Well the most successful business in Brazil would be the Energy production business. Not only does Brazil produce 461.1 Billion kWh of energy and it is ranked number 10 in the world. Also this business is what Brazil acquires more, and everything below it either is petroleum oil business, or things lesser than these businesses posted like food production businesses. Now why is the Energy production business the most successful in Brazil, because Brazil has so many resources to use for Energy Production and it’s so easily attainable, for Example? Brazil uses a lot of hydro powered energy for most of their city; they use allot fossil fuels and a little nuclear power as well. Therefore Brazil has many options for a source of resource production and that’s why Brazil’s energy production is the most successful for business in that country. Be it everyone in Brazil needs energy and Brazil is engulfed by resources on their land and on their coast and oceans, from Hydro Power energy to Fossil Fuels, Brazil is a country full of a variety of resources, so it would be the most successful business in Brazil you wouldn’t run out of most resources being they are so plentiful, and plus every other product a business was creating was made by the resources acquired for those business. So you would have to tax those products materials for the company purchasing them for their own business.



References
1) "Brazil . "government/Brazil." //cia world factbook//. 28/11//2011, 2011. Web. 28 Nov 2011. .//  ." The world factbook//. CIA, 2011. 0. .